Mizo Novel Tobul Leh Thanchhoh Dan

(He thuziak hi exam inbuatsaihna tur atana siam mai a ni e)

Tunlai khawvel mihringtena thutluang pangngai (prose)-a lehkhabu an chhiar tam ber leh tunlai huna lehkhabu chuak tam ber chu thawnthu phuahthar (Novel) hi a ni ti ila kan sawi sual tam awm lo ve. Novel tih chu Latin tawng Novu tih atanga lak a ni a; a awmzia chu thar tihna a ni. Italian tawng Novella an tih pawh ‘thil thar, tih dan pangngai nilova chin thar emaw, thil awm thar’ tihna a ni.

 Mizote hian ziak leh  chiar kan thiam hma daih  atang tawhin tawngka a in hlan chhawn thawnthu tha tak tak kan nei a. Tichuan, kum 1894-ah kristian sakhua lo lutin Mizorama lo kal missionary-te’n A,AW,B te min siam sakin Mizote chu ziak leh chhiar min zirtir a, zirlaibu te siamin thil tam tak min zirtir a Bible te pawh an letling a ni tih kan hria a kawng tam takah mizote tan rahbi thar duhawm tak min tuk sak a ni.

 Mizorama missionary lo kal te chuan Oct 1991 atangin mizo mipuite chiar theih turin Kristian Tlangau, kohhran chanchinbu thlakipa chhuak an chhuah tan a. Kristian Tlangau bakah Mizo thu leh hla lam tih hmasawn nan mi thahnemngai thenkhatin Mizo leh Vai Chanchinbu, thlakip chanchinbu an chhuah bawk a. Heng chanchin buahte hian thu leh hla tha tak tak an chuah thin a ni. Hei hian Mizo lehkhathiam hmasa te kha thu leh hla lamah an mit a keu tirin thawnthu phuahthar ziak chakna  a neihtir a ni kan ti thei hial ang.

            Thawnthu phuahthar (Novel) hi hnam nunphung zirna atan te leh fin thuril leh rilru lam zirna atan atang kaiin vantlang nun siam thatna atana tangkai tak anih avangin a pawimawh em em a ni. Mizote pawh hian kum 1936 atangin thawnthu  phuahthar (Novel) kan nei tan a.Thawnthu phuahthar (Novel) kan neih hmasak ber chu kum 1936-ah L.Biakliana’n Cotton College,Gauhati-a I.A. a zir laiin Hawilopari tih a ziak a. He thawnthuah hian mizo tlangval zingah thian inhmangaihna thuk tak, thiante mangang tanpui tura thih thlenga in pe ngam an awm thu ngaihnawm takin a tarlang a.Hmanlai kan pi leh pute huna nuhrawn sual takin chungkua a tihchiat dan chanchin leh hmeichhiate khawngaihthlakzia Hawilopari nun hmangin thiam takin a rawn tarlang a. Mizo hnamziaa thil thleng chi hrang hrang thiam tak maiin a rem khawm bawk a ni. Pu Khuangruma, Mandariting, Shillong-a in leh lo neia khawsa chuan hemi kum November thla tawp lamah L.Biakliana kutziak hi an chhiar thu a sawi nghe nghe. Chuvangin kum 1936 hi mizovin Novel kan neih tan kumah chhiar a lo ni ta a ni.

 L.Biakliana bawk hian kum 1937 –ah Lali(Lalawmpuii) tih thawnthu tawi (Short Story) chu a ziak a. Hei hi Mizo Novel pahnihnaa  chhiar a ni. He thawnthu hi Mizorama thawnthu inziahsiak hmasak ber tuma an thupui , Mizo hmeichiate dinhmun tarlang chiangtu ber lawman pakhatna dawngtu a ni. He thawnthuah hian Mizo Kristian hmasa nula leh tlangval thianghlim taka an in hmangaihna chanchin leh kan pi leh pute hun laia hmeichhe dinhmun hniamzia te, ran leh bungrua ang maia paten emaw,nutaten emaw an hralh thin dan te leh hmeichiain an mi duh ang zawng pasal atana an thlan ve theih lohzia te kan hmu a. Chutih rualin hun harsa leh hreawmna karah pawh Pathiana innghat tlat thin mite chu Pathianin a pui nge nge thin a ni tih kan hmu a ni.

Hemi hnu kum 1939 ah Tachhip khaw tlangval Kaphleia’n Scottish Church College, Calcutta-a I.A. zir mek , L.Biakliana ang bawka T.B natna vei, Durtlang Hospital-a Inte thawvenga enkawl mek chuan Mizoram chhak leh thlang indona behchhanin Chhingpui tih  thawnthu tawi  a rawn ziak leh a. He thawnthu hi Mizotena kan thawnthu tawi neih hmasak pathumna a ni. He thawnthu ah hian  hmanlai Mizo khua leh khua in run tawn dan te, an innghirngho dan te, nula leh tlangval in rimdan te, sai ramchhuah dan te ngaihnawn takin a zep tel a. Mihring rilru leh nunphung, mi chunga vanneihna a lo thlen laia an hamthatna tawmpui tum thin ,mahse harsatna leh vanduaina an tawh a vawm bo ang duak an nih leh thin thu changtupa nun atangin thiam tak maiin mihring nun a rawn tarlang bawk a.Heng bakah hian mizo pi leh pute khawsak zia te, an thil ngaihhlut leh ngaihsan zawng, pasaltha huaisen leh sa kap thei leh mi tlawmngai an ngaihsanzia leh an rilru pekna lamte kan hre thei bawk a ni.

Heng thawnthu pathumte hi kum 1940 hmaa chuak te an ni a.Thawnthu phuahthar (Novel) kan neih hmasak pathumte ziaktu L.Biakliana leh Kaphleia te hi Mizote tan chuan an hluin Mizo Novel lo chhuahna bul tantu an ni kan ti thei awm e.

L. Biakliana -'Hawilopari" thawnthu ziaktu

Hemi hnu hian Lalzuithanga chuan L.Biakliana leh Kaphleia te hnung rawn zuiin kum 1940 - 1941velah khan Thlahrang thawnthu a ziak a. Char huai i hlau lawm ni? tih thawnthu tawi nen hian a thawnthu ziak hmasak ber niin an sawi. He thawnthuah hian mizo tlawmngaihna te, huaisenna leh ram hmangaihna hi lak hran hleih theih loh a an pawimawh vek thu te a rawn tarlang a . Hemi hnu hian Lalzuithanga hian kum 1950 vel khan Phira leh Ngurthanpari tih thawnthu a rawn ziak leh a. He thawnthuah hian hmanlai kan pi leh pute hun laia sa leh ral laka khua leh tui chhan tura pasalthate hlutzia leh khawtlang innghahna ber an nihzia thiam takleh ngaihnawm takin a rawn tarlang a. Heng bakah hian thian hlutna Phira leh Thianga nun atangin kan hmu bawk a ni. Lalzuithanga hian thawnthu tawi dang a ziak nual bawk a. L.Biakliana te, Kaphleia leh Lalzuithangate pathum hi Mizo Novel lo chhuahna lungthu pathum an ni kan ti thei awm e.

Anni pathum bakah hian C. Thuamluaia chuan kum 1945 khan Calcutta-a Scottish Church College-a lehkha a zir laiin  thawnthu ngaihnawn tak, Engtin Awm Ta Zel Ang Maw? hming vuahin a ziak a. Heng bakah hian thawnthu tawi dang a ziak nual bawk a ni. Engtin Awm Ta Zel Ang Maw? tih thawnthu hi Fantacy/Utopian (duhthusam anga chen theihna hmun leh mite tlawhpawh ngailoh ram) kalphunga ziak a ni.

          Kum 1946 ah Burma Officer, Capt. C.Khuma chuan Maymyo Sanapui tih thawnthu a rawn ziak ve leh a. He thawnthu hi khawvel Indopui II-na leh mizoten anmahni khua ang maia an ngaih Maymyo khawpuia innghat a ni a.He thawnthuah hian ama tawn hriat ram leh hnam nunphung tarlangin thawnthu ngaihnawm tak a rawn ziak a. Mizo Novel-a Mizo tlangval leh hnam dang nula inngaizawng chanchin kan hmuh hmasak ber a ni. Kum 1950  khan khawlchuta chuah a ni nghe nghe. Capt. C. Khuma hi Mizoram pawna  Mizo Novel ziaktu  hmasa ber a nih rualin  khawlchuta Mizo Novel tichhuak hmasa ber a ni. Capt. C. Khuma hian thawnthu tawi dang a ziak nual bawk a ni.

            Garo Hills khawpui Tura-a Assam Regiment Driving Instructor Lalsiama chuan kum 1947 ah Tlanthangi leh Lianhnuna tih thawnthu a rawn ziak ve leh a. Tlanthangi leh Lianhnuna thawnthuah hian rinawmna rah chu hlimna a ni tih a rawn tarlang bakah dinhmun harsa tak atanga dinchuahna leh Mizo rilru puthmang tarlanna a ni kan ti thei awm e. A changtupa miziaah pawh rinawmna leh tumruhna , rual elna a lang nasa in  Indopui II-na lai vela Mizo khawsak dan leh an rilru puthmang a lang chiang hle a ni.

Hemi hnu kum 1950 chho (decade) tawp lamah khan thu ziak thiam Zikpuii Pa (K. C. Lalvunga) chuan thawnthu tawi a rawn ziak nual a. Kum 1958 khan Silverthangi (Chawkidar fanu) a ziak a.Kum 1959-ah Kraws Bulah Chuan tih a ziak leh a. He thawnthu ah hian zirna, hriselna leh eizawnna lam thila Mizovin hma an sawn dan kan hmuh rualin sum leh pai lak luhna, eizawnna lam thila hmasawnna ringawt hian chhungkaw hlimna a thlen lova, Pathian thu zawk hi chhungkaw in remna a nihzia a rawn tarlang a ni. Heng bakah hian thawnthu tawi dang a ziak nual bawk a ni.

Kum 1960 kan chuankai meuh chuan Mizoram buai bulin tan chhoh hunlai a nih avangin lehkhabu thar a chuak tam meuhlo kan ti thei hial awm e. Thu leh hla lam a tui mi intelkhawmte chuan kum 1964  chuan Mizo Academy of Letters (M.A.L) tih pawl an din a, he pawl hian thu leh hla lam a tui mi te tan a thawh hlawk hle a ni.  Kum 1964 khan thawnthu tawi Vanlalropuia ziak, Chawngpui, a ti vawl vawl thin leh L. Zokhuma irawm chhuak, English mite nunchanna thawnthu, Harlen Irene-i leh James Mellory tih thawnthu a chhuak a; 1967-ah Sapthankhuma ziak Senhripari a lo chhuak bawk a. Burma ram atangin R.L.Rina ziak thawnthu tawi- Lungtiawii leh Parchhuailova (1961) leh Lungngaihna Virthli (1962) a lo chhuak bawk a. He tih hun lai (decade) ah hian heng lo hi thawthu dang a chhuah awm hriat a ni lo.He tih hun lai hi Mizo thu leh hla tana hun thim lai (Literature Dark Age) ang pawhin a sawi thei ang.

Kum 1970 leh 1980 inkar chho velah chuan rambuai boruak zing mup mai kha a lo kiang chho tan a. Thawnthu eng emaw zat a chhuak ti ila kan sawi sual awm lo e. He tih hun lai a novel chhuak te hi novel chhuak hmasa te aia danglam tak tak hmuh tur a awm bakah hma kan sawn hle a ni tih kan novel tam tak a tangin a hriat theih a ni. Kum 1977leh 1978 inkarah khan novel tluantling pangai James Dokhuma ziak, Thla Hleinga Zan leh Khawkkungi ziak thawnthu tawi pahnih – Sangi Rinawmna leh A Tlai Lutuk Ta tih te chu alo chhuak bawk a. Khawlkungi hi Mizo hmeichhia Novel ziaktu zing a sulsutu mi pawimawh tak a ni. Heng kan sawi bakah hian thawnthu dang a chhuak nual a ni.

Kum 1980 leh 1990 inkar chhungah erawh chuan thawn thu hi a chhuak ta deuh phawk phawk a ni ti ila kan sawi sual awm love. Kum 1989 atangin Mizo Academy of Letters- in kum khat chhung a lehkhabu chhuak thar zinga tha ber, “Book Of The Year” thlanna kumtin an nei thin a, hei hian thu leh hla lam a hma kan sawn zia a ti lang chiang hle a. He tih hunlai a thawnthu chhuak tam tak hi hmanlai Mizo nun a innghat thawnthu an nih bakah zirtir nei deuh run te an nih hlawm laiin thenkhat chuan Mizo nunphung pangai chanchin chauh beh chhan a hmang loin Kristian kan nih hnu a kan nunphung lo danglam ta te leh khawtlang nun dan tha tam tak an tarlang hlawm a ni. Khawtlang nun siam \hatna a tana darthlalang pawimawh tak a ni kan ti thei ang.

Hemi hnu kum 1991 leh 2000 inkar chhung hian novel thahnem tak a chhuak a. Hemi chhung a novel chhuak zingah hian, Dr.Lallungmuana ziak,Ram Leh I Tan Chauh (1995) te, C. Laizawna ziak Anita-i (1998) leh R.Rozika ziak, Chawngmawii leh Hrangchhuana (2000) te chu Book Of The Year  tan thlan an lo ni hial a ni. Kan Mizo novel chhuak hmasa leh tunlai huna chhuak te hi a thupui thlan danah leh a ruangam (plot) din danah an inthlau viau tawh a. Hei hian hma kan sawn zia a ti lang chiang hle a ni. Hetih hunlaia chhuak thawnthu tam tak hi chu khawtlang nun siam thatna, Social reform lam hawi an ni hlawm a. Sual dova vantlang nun siam tha tur leh Mizoramin kawng hrang hranga hma a sawn theihna tura Sawrkar hnena thurawn pe fo tura Kohhran beiseina a lian hle bawk a ni.

Thawnthu phuah thar (novel) a hma kan sawn zia kum 2001 atanga kum 2010 chhung khan kan hmu a, hemi hun chhung khan novel sawmkua vel achhuak ni a hriat a ni a. Hemi hun chhung a chhuak zingah hian thawnthu ze thar te kan hmu bawk a hei hi novel-a hma kan sawn chak zia ti langtu pawimawh tak a ni kan ti thei ang.

Mizo novel chhuak hmasate chu a tlangpuiin thawnthu pangngai (story telling) an ni a. A plot pawh simple plot an tih ang chi hi a ni tlangpui a, complex plot a awm vak lo. Kum 2000 hnu lam a thawnthu chhuak thar ho chu a danglam hle tawh a ni tih kan thawnthu phuahthar atangin kan hre thei a. Hei hian hma kan sawn zia a ti lang chiang em em bawk a ni. Tunlai hun a Mizo thawnthu phuahthar ziaktu tam tak chu an thawnthua a changtu(character) an thlan dan ah an fimkhur hle a; a changtu atan a an thlan te chu a tak tak awm ngei emaw tih tur an ni hial hlawm a. An thil sawite pawh a tak a thil awm ngei emaw tih turin a chiang bik a. Van tlang nun an thlir dan te, Kohhran inkaihhruaina leh kan sakhaw nun in a zir loh a vang a sualna chi hrang hrang a lo pun dan te thlengin chiang takin an tarlang a. Hetih hunlai a chhuak thawnthu tam tak hi chu khawtlang nun siam thatna, Social reform lam hawi an ni hlawm a,Kohhran pawimawh zia pawh uar tak a tarlan a ni bawk.

Heng kan sawi tak atang hian kan novel chhuak hmasa leh tunlai a mi te hi a danglam zia kan hre chiang hle awm e. Hei hian novel a hma kan sawn nasat zia a ti lang chiang hle a ni.Chuvangin novel hi hnam nunphung lantirna hmanraw tangkai tak leh vantlang nun dan tha in zirtirna atan a darthlalang tha tak a ni tih leh mihring nun dan in zirtirna a tana hmanraw tangkai tak a nih dan te hi kan zir chhuah thiam a tulin thawnthu phuahthar (novel)-in hma a lo sawn zel theihna turin mitin te hi kan pawimawh vek a ni.

 

Bibliography:

Zoramdithara, Dr. Mizo Fiction Emergence and Development, Malviya Nangar : New Delhi. 2013. Print.

Thangvunga, R. (Ed) History of Mizo Literature. Mizo Department; Mizoram University. 2013. Print.

Vannghaka, KC. Literature Zungzam. Vanhlupuii : Bawngkawn. 2014. Print.

Laldinmawia, H. Literature Lamtluang. Creati Ventures : Pune. 2015. Print.